Nā mea kemika

Anter

• ʻO ka papa manawa o nā mea
• Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻikepili
• Nā laʻana o nā mea kemika

ʻO kanā mea kemika ʻO lākou nā mea i hiki ʻole ke hoʻemi a hoʻopau ʻia paha i nā mea maʻalahi ʻē aʻe. No kēia kumu, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he kumumea wale nō mea hana ʻia e ʻĀtoma o ka papa like a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi.

ʻO ka wehewehe mua o mea kemika hoʻolauna ʻia e Lavoisier i ka ʻO Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, i ka makahiki 1789. Ma hope i ke kenekulia 18, ua māhele ʻo Lavoisier i nā mea maʻalahi i ʻehā mau hui:

1. Nā mea o ke kino;
2. Non-mea hao oxidizable a me acidifiable mea;
3. ʻO nā mea hao a me nā mea hao hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, a ...
4. Salidifiable honua mea.

ʻO ka papa manawa o nā mea

I kēia lā ʻIke ʻia nā mea kemika 119, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā hui he 18 a me 7 mau kau. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i kahi hoʻolālā kiʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Periodic Papa o nā Elemene, i hana mua ʻia e ka mea kemika Lūkia ʻo Dimitri Mendeleyev i 1869.

ʻO ka nā pūʻulu nui hiki ke loaʻa ma kēia pākaukau nā metala alkali, nā metala honua alkaline, nā metala hoʻololi (ʻo ia ka hui nui loa), nā metala hope-hoʻololi, nā metalloids, nā ʻaʻohe metala (Aia nā mea kumu no ke ola ma aneʻi, e like me oxygen a me nitrogen), halogens, ʻEnekini hanohano, a ʻo ka mea hope loa, aia ʻelua mau hui like ʻole o ka element, nā lanthanides a me nā actinides, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mau honua kākaʻikahi (ʻoiai he nui ka nui o kekahi).

He mau isotop radioactive ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea. Loaʻa i nā mea kemika i nā waiwai e like me ke kiko o e paila ana a ʻo ia o hoʻohuihui, uila uila, nuʻa a ionic radius, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea nui kēia mau ʻano no ka mea ʻae lākou i ka wānana i kāna hana, reactivity, etc.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻikepili

Hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia mea kemika e kekahi mau mea. ʻO ka mea mua loa, nā hōʻailona ākea, i loko o hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau leka (e ke kuʻikahi, inā aia ʻelua mau leka, kākau ʻia ka mea mua i nā hua nui a ʻo ka mea aʻe ma nā puke liʻiliʻi).

Aia ma luna a ma ka hema ka hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻihelu ʻĀtoma, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike i ka nui o nā proton i loaʻa i kēia mea. A laila ka inoa piha o ke kumumanaʻo a ma lalo o kēia kahi helu e hōʻike ana i ka ʻātoma nuika i ka gram o ka mole.

Loaʻa i nā mea ʻokoʻa i nā nui o ka atomic variable, a i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā protons i loko o ka nucleus, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokalakupua ʻana i nā electrons, no laila ke emi nei ka leo. Ke liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka atomic, ʻo nā electrons ma ka pae o waho loa o ke ao e ʻumeʻume loa i ka nucleus, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi maʻalahi. Hana ka ʻaoʻao i nā mea me nā volumic atomic kiʻekiʻe: hāʻawi maʻalahi lākou i kā lākou mau uila i waho.

Nā laʻana o nā mea kemika

Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe iā ʻoe:

• Nā laʻana o nā hui kemika
• Nā laʻana o nā hopena kemika
• Nā laʻana o Phenomena Nine
• Nā laʻana o nā metala a me nā metala ʻole