10 Nā Laʻana o ka Biokimia - 'Ōuli

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Nā lālā o ka biochemistry
Nā laʻana o ka biochemistry

ʻO ka kālaimeaola He lālā ia o ke kemika i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea ola i kā lākou haku mele ʻana. He ʻepekema hoʻokolohua ia.

ʻO kāna kumuhana nui protein, ʻākoʻakoʻa, lipids, nā waikawa nukelea a me nā mole ʻokoʻa e hana i nā hunaola, a me nā hopena kemika a lākou e hele ai. Pili ʻo ia i ka lāʻau, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka agrochemistry, i waena o nā ʻano hoʻopaʻi ʻē aʻe.

Ke aʻo nei ʻo Biochemistry pehea e loaʻa ai i nā meaola ka ikehu (catabolism) a hoʻohana iā ia e hana i nā mole hou (anabolism). Ma waena o nā kaʻina hana āna i hoʻopaʻa ai ʻo ka digestion, photosynthesis, nā pale nā kemikoloola, hana hou, ulu, a pēlā aku.

Nā lālā o ka biochemistry

ʻO ka biochemistry kūkulu: Ke aʻo i ka hana kemika o nā macromolecules biology, e like me nā protein a me ʻakika nucleic (DNA a me RNA).
ʻO ke kelekema bioorganic: E hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui i loaʻa nā paʻa covalent carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen, kāhea ʻia nā mea hoʻohui ʻokanika. Loaʻa kēia mau hui i nā mea ola wale nō.
Enzymology: ʻO nā enzim nā mea hoʻoheheʻe olaola e ʻae i ke kino e hoʻokō nā hopena kemika e like me ka hoʻohiolo protein ʻana. Ke aʻo nei kēia ʻepekema i kā lākou hana a me kā lākou launa pū ʻana me nā coenzymes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā metala a me nā huaora.
ʻO Biochemistry Metabolic: E hoʻopaʻa i nā hana metabolic (loaʻa a hoʻolilo ka ikehu) ma ka pae pae paʻa.
Xenobiochemistry: Hoʻopili ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, aʻo ia i ka lawena metabolic o nā mea i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia i ka metabolism o kahi meaola.
Immunology: E hoʻopaʻa i ka hopena o nā meaola i nā pathogens.
Endocrinology: E hoʻopaʻa i ka hana a nā hōmona i nā meaola. ʻO nā Hormones nā mea i hiki ke hūnā ʻia e ke kino a i ʻole i loaʻa mai ka waho, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka hana o nā pūnaewele ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻōnaehana.
Neurochemistry: E hoʻopaʻa i ka hana kemika o ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO Chemotaxonomy: E hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokaʻawale i nā meaola e like me ko lākou ʻokoʻa i kā lākou haku mele ʻana.
Kaolaolaolaola: E hoʻopaʻa i nā meaolaola i hoʻohana ʻia e nā meaola e launa pū kekahi me kekahi.
Virology: ʻImi kikoʻī i nā mea ʻino, kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka hana ʻana, ke ana o ka mole a me ka evolution. Pili ʻia ia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā Genetics.
ʻO ka biology Molecular: E aʻo i nā kaʻina hana biochemical kikoʻī mai ke kuanaʻike mole.
Pūnaewele biology (cytology): E hoʻopaʻa i ka kemika, morphology a me ka physiology o nā ʻano ʻelua. prokaryotes a me nā eukaryotes.

Nā laʻana o ka biochemistry

Ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea momona: ʻo nā mea momona nā mea i makemake i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. E hoʻomohala iā lākou he mea pono e ʻike i nā pono kemika o nā mea kanu.
Nā mea holoi Enzymatic: he mau mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kēia i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā koena o nā mea necrotic, me ka hana ʻole ʻana i kahi hana kahe ma nā ʻanorganic surfaces.
Nā lāʻau: ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau e pili i ka ʻike o nā hana kemika o ke kino o ke kanaka a me ka bacteria a i ʻole nā virus e hoʻopili iā ia.
Nā mea hoʻonani: Pono nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani e maikaʻi i ka kemika o ke kino.
ʻO ka meaʻai piʻo kaulike: hoʻomohala ʻia ka meaʻai mai ka ʻike o ka metabolic a me ka pono pono o nā holoholona.
Palena meaʻai: ʻo kēlā me kēia pahuhopu o kā mākou papaʻai (e loaʻa a lilo i ka kaumaha, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō, e hoʻopau i ka kolukola, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomākaukau ka paia o ka ʻōpū e kū i nā waika digestive e hiki ai ke hōʻeha koʻikoʻi inā pili lākou i nā ʻāpana o ko mākou kino ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana digestive.
Ke loaʻa mākou i ke kuni, ke hoʻāʻo nei ko mākou kino e piʻi i kahi mahana kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā microorganism e hōʻino iā mākou ke ola.
Ke hiki ʻole i ko mākou kino ke pale iā ia iho i nā microorganism, ka antibiotic ʻo lākou ka pane kemika e pale i kā lākou hana hou ʻana a hoʻopau iā lākou.
ʻAe nā mea hoʻopihapihaʻai iā mākou e ʻai i nā meaola a i ʻole nā mea inorganic e pono ai i ko mākou kino no ka hana kūpono.